minutum Riley were reported earlier by Kamal ( 1951) as parasitoids of S. No parasitoids emerged from the host eggs. the ichneumonid Zele chlorophthalma (Nees) and the tachinids Exorista larvarum (L.) and Strobliomyia aegyptia Vill., emerged from the host larvae and pupae. ( 1976) from cotton fields in all Egyptian Governorates, the main parasitoid species secured were the braconid parasitoids, Chelonus inanitus (L.), Apanteles ruficrus (Haliday), and Microplitis rufiventris Kok. 1969).įrom extensive samples of all immature forms of the cotton leaf worm collected by Hafez et al. (Noctuidae), may be, fairly, considered the most injurious pests in cotton fields in Egypt (Hafez et al. (Gelechiidae), and the spiny bollworm, Earias insulana Boisd. The cotton leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.) (Noctuidae), and the bollworms, especially the pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella Saund. The presented data could be considered a review article eagerly needed for integrated control of serious insect and mite pests in Egypt. Thus, it was found necessary to update their more recent status as natural resources in various agro-ecosystems. El-Husseini ( 2015) shed light on the most important effective native and introduced parasitoid and predatory species of main economic insect pests in Egypt. The various biocontrol agents recorded in the unpublished list titled “List of natural enemies of various insect pests recorded in Egypt” by Tawfik and Awadallah (1992) and the survey followed by Tawfik ( 2002) are mentioned here apart from their actual validity and efficiency against their prey/host species in the environment. Thus, it is of essential need to know more about the existing natural enemies associated with the key pests attacking economic crops representing different agro-ecosystems in Egypt to develop a successful utilization of biological control agents within the frame of IPM programs. Among these means is understanding the role of natural enemies in the agro-ecosystem to preserve and encourage their presence and enhance their role in suppressing pest populations as a cornerstone within the IPM strategies. Since the 1990s, the Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation emphasizes the philosophy of integrated pest management (IPM) among the farmers to utilize the suitable means, techniques, and approaches for maintaining pest population levels below economic losses. No doubt, there are changes in insect pest problems facing the farmers in the newly reclaimed land as well as in the old valley due to different reasons, e.g., pesticide misuse and pest resistance, secondary pest outbreaks, climate changes, and absence or inefficient presence of natural enemies. Such agricultural development requires contribution of all related agricultural sciences, especially those of plant protection. The intensification of land reclamation for agriculture in Egypt in the last four decades is continuing to meet the needs of the growing human population in the country. The role of the biological control agents, mainly parasitoids and predators in different economic crops, is highlighted. These data are considered a review article eagerly needed for strategies of IPM of serious insect and mite pests in Egypt. Thus, it was found necessary to update their recent status as natural resources in various agro-ecosystems. Thus, it is of essential need to know more about the existing natural enemies associated with the key pests of the economic crops representing different agro-ecosystems in Egypt to develop a successful utilization of biological control agents within the frame of such IPM programs. Among these means is understanding the role of natural enemies in the agro-ecosystem to preserve and encourage their presence and enhance their role in suppressing pest populations as a main factor among the IPM strategies. Since the 1990s, the Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation emphasizes to spread the philosophy of integrated pest management (IPM) among the farmers to utilize all suitable means, techniques, and approaches for maintaining pest population levels below those causing economic losses. No doubt, there are changes in insect pest problems facing the farmers in the newly reclaimed land as well as in the old valley in Egypt due to different reasons, e.g., pesticide misuse and pest resistance, secondary pest outbreaks, absence or inefficient presence of natural enemies, and climate changes.
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